泰州学院《大学英语》2020-2021学年第二学期期末试卷

《大学英语》期末测试卷泰州学院2020—2021学年第工学期SectionIVocabulary10pointsDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET

1.Hiswifehasbeenalotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob.A.takingB.exertingC.givingD.pushingItisestimatedthatcurrentlyabout50000speciesbecomeeveryyear.A.extinctB.instinctC.distinctD.intenseJohnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenoughforhisorganizingability.A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.rangeManywillbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.A.probabilitiesB.realitiesC-necessitiesD.opportunitiesAfterhisunclediedtheyoungmanthebeautifulestatewithwhichhechangedfromapoormantoawealthynoble.A.inhabitedB.inheritedC.inhibitedD.inhaledThemanageriscallingonacustomertryingtotalkhimintosigningthecontract.A・prosperousB.preliminaryC.pessimisticD.prospectiveIn1991whiletileeconomiesofindustrializedcountriesmetaneconomictheeconomiesofdevelopingcountriesweregrowingveryfast.A.revivalB.repressionC.recessionD.recovery.Thedestructionofthetwintowersshockandangerthroughouttheworld.A.summonedB.temptedCprovokedD.stumbledAbout20ofthepassengerswhowereinjuredinaplanecrasharesaidtobeincondition.A.decisiveB.urgentC.vitalD.criticalTheinteractionsbetweenChinaandtheUSwillsurelyhaveasignificantonpeaceandstabilityintheAsia-Pacificregionandtheworldasawhole.A・importanceB.impressionC.impactD.implicationTheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfindingandthemeetingwiththedeanhadtheboysparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussiontouchingoneightoftheboyspreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaveragewhichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation留校察看thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.HisparentsprotestedHesonlyachildandweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeoplearenotreallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch....Exceptinthisuncomfortablecircumstance..Accordingtotheauthorstudentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor.A.moneyB.degreeC.higherGPAD.reputation.thesentenceOncethesituationisbehindussoarethepromises9impliesthat.A.studentsusuallykeeptheirpromisesB・somestudentstendtobreaktheirpromisesthepromisesarealwaysbehindthesituationwecannotjudgethesituationinadvanceaswedotothepromises.Theborderlinepassing^Line3Para.3probablymeans.A・fairlygoodB.extremelypoorC・aboveaverageD.belowaverage.Theboysparentsthoughttheirsonshouldbeexcusedmainlybecause.A.teachersshouldbecompassionateB・hewasonlyachildC.instructorswerewiserD・hewasthreatened.WhichofthefollowingmightserveasthetitleofthispassageA・HumanNatureB.ConditionalPromisesC.HowtoDetectCheatingD.TheSadnessofPlagiarismTranslation20pointsDirections:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET

2.Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevaluedbecausenewtechnologiesnewindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresultourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktodayandinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving—nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace—alwayshavecomefrom”betterrecipesnotjustmorecooking.Onemightarguethatsnotstrictlytrue.OnemightpointoutforinstancethatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimesmuchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamenginebutfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantitybusinessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflaborconcentrationofassetsverticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.Writing20pointsDirections:Inthispartyouareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET

2.AccidentsinaChineseCity2005Thepoorcountriesareextremelytointernationaleconomicfluctuations-A.inclinedB.vulnerableC.attractedD.reducedApplicantsshouldnotethatallpositionsaretoAustraliancitizenshiprequirements.A.subjectB.subjectiveC.objectedD.objectiveWeaimtoensurethatallcandidatesaretreatedfairlyandthattheyhaveequaltoemploymentopportunities.A.entranceB.entryC.accessD.admissionSuccessfullearningisnotanactivitybutconsistsoffourdistinctstagesinaspecificorderA.onlyB.soleC.mereD.singleTheopportunitytoexploreandplayandtheencouragementtodosoCantheperformanceofmanychildren.A.withholdB.preventC.enhanceD.justifyAllherhardworkintheendandshefinallypassedtheexam.A.showedoffB.paidoffC.1eftoffD.keptoffInordertolivethekindoflifewewantandtobethepersonwewanttobewehavetodomorethanjustwithevents.A.putsupB.setupC.turnupD.makeup.Theteamplayedhardbecausethechampionshipofthestatewas.A・athandB.atstakeC.atlargeD.atbestIdontthinkyou!llchangehismind；oncehesdecidedonsosomethinghetendstoit.A.sticktoB.abidebyC.complywithD.keeponTomplacedthebanknotesthechangeandreceiptsbackinthedrawer.A.morethanB.butforC.thankstoD.alongwithCloze10pointsDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET

1.AdvancingagemeanslosingyourhairyourwaistlineandyourmemoryrightDanaDenisisjust40yearsoldbut21shesworriedaboutwhatshecallsmyrollingmentalblackouts91trytoremembersomethingand1justblankout“shesaysYoumay22abouttheselapsescallingthemseniormoments^orblamingnearlyAlzheimers老年痴呆症.“Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyougetthe23yourememberWellsortof.Butastimegoesbywetendtoblameage24problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related.“Whenateenagercantfindherkeysshethinksitsbecauseshesdistractedordisorganized“saysPaulGold.A70-year-oldblamesher

25.“Infactthe70-year-oldmayhavebeen26thingsfordecades.Inhealthypeoplememorydoesntworsenas27asmanyofusthink.Aswe28，thememorymechanismisn9t29^^sayspsychologistFergusCraik.Itsjustinefficient.”Thebrainsprocessing30slowsdownovertheyearsthoughnooneknowsexactly31Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand32thereslessactivityinthebrain.ButcautionsBarryGordonItsnotclearthatlessactivityis

33.Abeginningathleteiswinded（气口用口于口于）moreeasilythana34athlete.Inthesameway35thebraingetsmoreskilledatataskitexpendslessenergyonit.”Thereare36youcantaketocompensatefornormalslippageinyourmemorygearsthoughit37effort.MargaretSewellsays^We^eaquick-fixculturebutyouhaveto38tokeepyourbrain.39shape.Itslikehavingagoodbody.YouCantgotothegymonceayear40expecttostayintopform79Readingcomprehension40pointsDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingABCandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET

1.PassageOnePriortothe20thcenturymanylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolationakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowthwhichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworldslastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertisingpopularcultureandconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworldspeopleslearningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducationeconomicopportunityandabetterwayoflife.Onlyabout3000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthatWhethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualismmasteryoftwolanguages.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres---athomeamongfriendsincommunitysettings---andagloballanguageatworkindealingswithgovernmentandincommercialspheres.Inthiswaymanysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguagesratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing同化的forcesofglobalization.Ironicallythetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.ForexamplesomeexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.Formanyendangeredlanguagesthelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的）however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicatingbutalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroupsorofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage..Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin.A.anincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB・maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC・relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD.followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury.AccordingtoParagraph2thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis.A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite.Accordingtotheauthorbilingualismcanhelp.smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplaceshomogenizetheworldslanguagesandculturesgloballanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsspeakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit.A.makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessaryB・facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesraisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesmakesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguagesntheauthorsviewmanyendangeredlanguagesare.A.remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworldB・exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationquitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutauniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogetherPassageTwoEveryoneitseemshasahealthproblemoAfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthServiceBritishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitalslongwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellorAngelaMerkelisunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.CanadasnewConservativePrimeMinisterStephenHarpermadeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountryslengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworldaffluenceageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwagesswellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Fordsannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto

30.000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofitslegacy”health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers生育高峰期出生的人willcrushthegovernmentsfinancesGeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek5sstate-of-the-unionaddress.Americashealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPonhealtharoundtwicetherich-countryaverageequivalentto$6280foreveryAmericaneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.ThankstoanaccidentofhistorymostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployerwiththegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.Thiscurioushybrid7昆合物certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethananybodyelseandtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeans9billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopmentRDforthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceandiftheyfallseriouslyillhospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeplyunequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures30%ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted.Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthesocializedmedicineofCanadaandEurope.Infactevenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivatelyaround60%ofAmericasheath-carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment.ProportionatelytheAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECDOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentaverageandthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunuptheirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americaisineffectheadingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault.

46.HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT.poorhospitalconditionsinU.K.AngelaMerkelunderattackC.healthfinancinginGermanyD.longwaitinglinesinCanada

47.Fordesannouncementofcuttingupto30000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustryhasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacyhasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburdenowesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees

48.IntheauthorsopinionAmericashealthsystemis.A.inefficientB.feasibleC.unpopularD.successfultisimpliedinthepassagethat.AmericashealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknessestheUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderlysome46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsuranceEuropeansbenefitalotfromAmericasmedicalresearch

50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthesocializedmedicine”is.apracticeofCanadaandEuropeapolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernmentintendedfortheretiringbaby-boomersadministeredbyprivateenterprisesPassageThreeWhenThomasKelleroneofAmericasforemostchefsannouncedthatonSept.IhewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCityandreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicechargeIknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customersserversandrestaurantowners.ThesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotippingastheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.ToopposetippingitseemsistobeanticapitalistandmaybeevenalittleFrench..ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping-anditsworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice.Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense.Waitersknowthattheywontgetpaidiftheydontdoagoodjob^ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesurethisisatemptingapparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheorybutitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants.MichaelLynnanassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatComeirsSchoolofHotelAdministrationhasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumersassessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip.Rathercustomersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilledinotherwordscustomerstipmorewhentheyliketheservernotwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynnsstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers.Whatsmoreconsumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thusthetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling:everybottleofimportedwatereveryespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserverspocket.Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-keyqualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized.Inadditionthepracticeoftippoolingwhichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoonhasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcomeyouarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeedthereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcenturymanylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolationakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowthwhichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworldslastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertisingpopularcultureandconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworldspeopleslearningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducationeconomicopportunityandabetterwayoflife.Onlyabout3000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthatWhethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism（masteryoftwolanguages）.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres-athomeamongfriendsincommunitysettings---andagloballanguageatworkindealingswithgovernmentandincommercialspheres.Inthiswaymanysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguagesratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化的）forcesofglobalization.Ironicallythetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.ForexamplesomeexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.Formanyendangeredlanguagesthelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力的）however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicatingbutalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroupsorofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生的，土著的）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.

51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice.A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletipC.istheauthorsinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor.A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.B.WaitersdontcareabouttippingC.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice..AccordingtoMichaelLynnsstudieswaiterswilllikelygetmoretipsiftheyhaveperformedgoodservicefrequentlyrefillcustomers9waterglasswincustomers9favorservecustomersofthesamesex

54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”Line2Para6probablymeanssellingsomethingupsellingsomethingfancysellingsomethingunnecessarysellingsomethingmoreexpensive

55.ThispassageismainlyaboutreasonstoabolishthepracticeoftippingeconomicsenseoftippingconsumersattitudestowardstippingD.tippingforgoodservicePassageFour“Ipromise.”Isweartoyouitllneverhappenagain.”“Igiveyoumyword.”“Honestly.Believeme.SureItrust.WhynotIteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Withacertainexcitementandintensity.Ireadmystudentsessayshopingtofindthepersonbehindthepen.Aseachsemesterprogressesplagiarism票U窃appears.NotonlyismyintelligenceinsultedasoneassumesIwontdetectapolishedpieceofprosefromanotherwise-averagewriterbutIfeelasadnessthatastudenthasresortedtobuyingapaperfromapeer.WritershavestyleslikefingerprintsandafterseveralassignmentsIcanmatchastudentsworkwithhisorhernameevenifitsmissingfromtheupperleft-handcorner.Whyislearninglessimportantthanahighergrade-pointaverageGPAWhenwerethreatenedorsickwemakeconditionalpromises.IfyouletmepassmathIwillLordifyougetmeoverthisbeforethebighomecominggameIll.・・.”Oncethesituationisbehindussoarethepromises.HumannaturePerhapsbutwedousethatcliche陈词滥调togetusoutofuncomfortablebargains.Divineinterferenceduringdistressisasked;gratitudeisunpaid.Afterallfewfulfillthecontractsowhyshouldanyonebetheexception.WhynotSixyearsagoItookastudentbeforethedean.HehadturnedinanessaywiththevocabularyandsentencestructureofPhDthesis.Upuntilthattimebothhisout-of-classandin-classworkwereborderlinepassing.IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitIdunderstandthiscopywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgivenbuthehadalreadyafinishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehourthenturnedinpartofapageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays.Ipromise....Imnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.Tmjustnervoustoday.”Mainaccidentcausesnumberofaccidentsin2005Percentagerise+orfall-over

20041.driversturningleftwithoutduecare608+10%

2.driverstravelingtooclosetoothervehicles411+9%

3.pedestrianscrossingroadscarelessly401+12%

4.driversdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol281+15%

5.Driversfailingtogiveasignal264—5%。